Tajweed RulesThe ra is pronounced heavy (mufakhkham) when it has fathah or dammah, or when it is sakin following a fathah or dammah. It is pronounced light (muraqqaq) when it has kasrah, or when it is sakin following an original kasrah that is not followed by a letter of isti'la (elevation).
تفخيم: رَبِّ، الْقُرْآنَ — ترقيق: رِجَالٌ، فِرْعَوْنَSource:تحفة الأطفال
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The lam of the Name of Allah («الله») is pronounced heavy (mufakhkham) when preceded by a fathah or dammah, and light (muraqqaq) when preceded by a kasrah.
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Tafkhim (heaviness) is a fullness that enters the letter, so that the mouth is filled with its resonance, while tarqiq (lightness) is a leanness in which the mouth is…
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Al-isti'adhah (seeking refuge in Allah) is a sunnah when beginning recitation, and its wording is: «أعوذ بالله من الشيطان الرجيم».